Is Street Crime More Harmful Than White Collar Crime Essays

Is Street Crime More Harmful than White Collar Crime? By general definition, a crime is a wronging, proclaimed by law against society. All acts of disobeying the law are crimes. Be it an assault or embezzlement one has committed a wrong. Yet we have learned values and morals from our surroundings which gave us concepts of the degree of harm pertaining to a particular crime. From our being submerged in a culture, our concept of crime is usually that of a physical one. We as a society, generally conjure images of a personal assault on oneself when defining the concept of a crime. Very rarely would ones first connotation of crime be of an executive of a large firm stealing money from the business. We as a society, generally define our concepts by our surroundings. Society is more frequently exposed to street crimes. It is very rare that a day goes by that we do not learn a murder, physical attack or robbery through the media. Those so called street crimes effect our neighborhoods and society everyday. Those crimes are contributing to the d estruction of society, our cities, our streets. The street crime is the most harmful of crimes, it is responsible for the disintegration of society as we know it. To demonstrate the harm caused by society by street crime, one has to look no further than to inner city neighborhoods. Street crimes are responsible for injuries, death, sexual assaults and the loss of personal property through force. They can also be attributed to the decline of local business and the drop in education and pride in ones communities as well. In the lower economic neighborhoods, many resort to crime for financial reasons. Members of the community sell drugs or rob as means of support. These deviants do not inflict these crimes on neighborhoods other than their own. This is the major reason why street crime is so harmful. The members of society through their illegal actions are destroying society. Due to an increase in street crime, businesses close early and people avoid being on the streets. This allows the deviant, liberal opportunity to break the law. Where white-collar crime does not directly effect society, street crime does. The predatory deviant victimizes society both directly and indirectly. Direct victimization is the personal attack, be it a robbery assault or extortion, individuals in society will react. People live in constant fear of being a victim of crime. This individual fear can lead to indirect victimization, that on society as a whole. This is evident in a neighborhoods loss of economic development and criminal deviants become the role model for the younger members of society due to their appearance as a figure of wealth and power. These street crimes lead to the downward spiral of society economically and morally. Another aspect of how street crime ruins society is that the act is usually committed within the society itself. Most street crimes are committed by deviants to the members of their own neighborhoods. This is due to the closeness of their potential victims. This is why neighborhoods which characteristic ally generate the cause of deviant behavior, generally have a higher rate of crime occurring within them. While all crimes are a wrong committed against society, some do more damage to society then others. Street crimes are perhaps the most harmful to society, caused by the deviant criminal behavior on ones own neighborhood, this causes its destruction. Street crime has caused the legal economical, educational and moral declines in many neighborhoods. Violent street crime is not only a wrong against an individual of society but an act in the crumbling of society itself.

Who Died and Made Them Boss. essays

Who Died and Made Them Boss. essays The United States government sounds very hypocritical when it points the finger at all Communist ideologies by telling them they control the lives of their citizens, when the U.S is doing the exact same act. Our constitution has set up many laws that make perfect sense, and exist for a very good purpose. However, any laws that do not make sense, and cannot cause harm to others, should not exist. When I think of these issues, three situations come to mind. Being forced to wear your seat belt, forbidden to smoke marijuana in your own home, and being forced to leave your home, are each laws that make no sense at all. These situations are harmless to society, and therefore should not exist. Smoking marijuana can only cause harm to the person that is smoking it. The government should not be able to tell you what to do, unless it causes harm to another person. Who are they to tell you what to do in your own home. A website called www.norml.com states that, "Possession of marijuana, any amount is punishable by up to one year in jail and a fine of up to $2,000." A law that cannot harm other people should not be considered a law at all. Marijuana destroys brain cells and can lead to immotivational syndrome. If a person wants to destroy his or her brain cells, so be it, however no one should be able to stop them. People don't always need Big Brother watching over them, and making sure they do everything right. It is their life and they can do whatever they want with it. People don't need a government to tell them what to do. Smoking in a car, is a different story. Marijuana impairs your vision, and your ability to react. Not having these every day skills, can endanger the l ives of other drivers, so smoking while driving should be considered a crime. Smoking in your own house or on your own property, however, should not be illegal, because it is your land, and you can do whatever you want to your own brain. A go ...

PROBLEMS FACING HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE TEACHERS AND THEIR SOLUTIONS Essay

PROBLEMS FACING HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE TEACHERS AND THEIR SOLUTIONS - Essay Example However, these teachers tend to experience some challenges and this discourse focuses on such. Science is a very dynamic field and this means that high school science teachers must adopt emerging technologies to enable their students remain marketable or viable in the job markets. However, this tends to be a great challenge in low income high schools where science teachers are forced to rely on outdated technologies. Technology, in this scenario, refers to the machinery, computer hardware and software, lab equipment, and lab manuals (Baker 32). Some teachers in such institutions handle the theoretical parts of the advanced technologies without necessarily arranging for practical sessions due to lack of required facilities. At the end of the day, students lack the practical experience and this is a huge setback as they graduate and join the job market. The solution is the administration of such schools should liaise with local authorities so that some fund could be set aside to purchase the right equipment in the institutions. The schools could also seek funds or donations from the community, organizations, and even willing individuals to purchase the required equipment (Geisler 209). Meanwhile, the school could make arrangements with institutions with such facilities so that students could make arranged visits and learn from their facilities. However, this should be in a manner that both students from both facilities are not inconvenienced. Science teachers could use assimilated modules to guide their students as the administration seek funds to purchase such facilities. Science oriented subjects require more lesson hours compared with social and humanity related subjects. However, a majority of high schools allocate the same hours for all subjects. Due to this, a majority of teachers end up not completing the required syllabus as the school closes. However, their counterparts handling social and humanity lessons

Analysis of a Bankruptcy for a Firm Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Analysis of a Bankruptcy for a Firm - Essay Example As a result of this, it becomes imperative to predict if any firm has chances of going bankrupt. Accurate forecasting of bankruptcy enables a firm to take corrective actions, and thereby reducing losses, and possibly even prevent bankruptcy. Hence, bankruptcy prediction is a topic of great interest and attracting a lot of research. There are two kinds of bankruptcy prediction models, generally found in the literature. The first is the accounting based models, which include logistic regression models. The second category is the market-based model, which include Merton Models. Fitzpatrick (1931) used the approach of using ratio analysis to compare bankrupt and successful firms. His univariate model of using 13 ratios to indicate failure was first attempt of such kind to predict industry failures. However, no significant relationship could be established between the model and failure. The work done by Beaver (1966) is considered as the first pioneering work in the field of bankruptcy prediction. He proposed that the firm can be seen as a â€Å"reservoir of liquid assets, which is supplied by inflows and drained by outflows. (†¦) The solvency of the firm can be defined in terms of the probability that the reservoir will be exhausted, at which point, the firm will be unable to pay its obligations as they mature†. Beaver used 30 ratios to develop a univariate model. These ratios were applied to 158 companies, half of them as bankrupt and the other half as successful firms. The finest ratios were the â€Å"working capital funds flow/ total assets†, and â€Å"net income/ total assets†. These ratios correctly identified 90%, and 88% of the cases. This study was followed by Altman’s model (1968, 1983). He applied multiple discriminant analysis to 33 pairs of bankrupt and successful firms. He proposed that bankruptcy could be explained by using a combination of 5 financial ratios.  Ã‚  

Anthropology of tourism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Anthropology of tourism - Essay Example on that the more people have to connect, the more reasons arise as to why people would appear to become desperate to unplug.1 It thus leads to the thesis; tourism remains to be a complex phenomenon that can be understood fully through adopting a multidisciplinary approach. The paper is thus going to justify on this these in relation to Pico Iyers concept of tourism. Right from the start of the book, Pico is explaining as to why he starts thinking of how going slow could be more exhilarating in the age of speed. More, Pico claims that he could feel more luxurious through paying attention in an age of distraction. When it comes to the age of constant movement, Pico argues that it is more fascinating when one sits still in a specific location. Pico acknowledges that one is bound to experience a tremendous time by going on a vacation to Paris, Hawaii or New Orleans.2 However, he goes ahead to justify on his idea that in case one wants to feel new, feel alive, feel full of fresh hope, and to fall in love with world, then the best place for an individual to visit if by going nowhere. Pico in such concepts is trying to explain and justify the reason why being present remains to be more beneficial than compared to jet-setting across the world. The question that one might ask is; how could a traveler like Pico Iyer, being an individual that has journeyed in many areas like Easter Island to Ethiopia and from Cuba to Kathmandu, goes about saying that sitting quite in a room could be the ultimate adventure? Part of the reason as to why Pico presents this view is that people are living in a madly accelerating world, whereby their lives are crowded, very chaotic and noisy. It is by this reason that Pico goes ahead to explain that there is a greater need for slowing down, be able to tune out and give self permission of sitting still for the purpose of achieving the ultimate goal of feeling new, feeling alive, feeling full of fresh hope, and to falling in love with world. The

History Of South Africa

History Of South Africa South Africa was settled by the Dutch in 1652 as an ending point for ships on their way to the East Indies. The Dutch first settled the area that was to be Cape Town and with time expanded across the entire tip of southern Africa. Fruit and vegetables were grown here to battle the problem of scurvy aboard passing ships. South Africa changed hands and became a British colony, after the Napoleonic wars in 1815. Most of the Dutch went north to escape from the English. Here they developed tribe- a well known community, and over the period of time they migrated South from Central Africa. Overt there a war resulted between the Dutch Boers and the Zulus, a powerful tribe led by Shaka. The Boers won and created an Afrikaner state in the north. In 1899 there were the Boer Wars as a result of the English trying to capture this Afrikaner state. In 1910 South Africa became a union which is a coalition between the English and Afrikaner states. In 1960 South Africa became independence from British rule and became a republic. During the 90s, with the release of Nelson Mandela- president, South Africa went through an amazing transformation. South Africa (Africas southernmost nation) is also Africas largest and most developed economy. Today South Africa produces high-tech equipment and is a world leader in the output of gold and diamonds. Johannesburg and its satellite cities are home to more than 8 million people and generate 9 percent of all economic activity in Africa. In the 21st century, South Africa is a democratic country representing all its diverse people-often called the rainbow nation. Today South Africa is making up for decades of social disruption and lost education, but high unemployment and the AIDS epidemic threaten economic progress. NELSON MENDELAS CONTRIBUTION Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela was born on 18 July 1918 and served aspresident of South Africa from 1994 to 1999. He was the first ever to be elected in a fully representative democratic election. South Africa was a troubled nation for a long time and things are not perfect yet, but he fought hard for victory. Years after he started his journey, he became the first democratically elected president of South Africa. Nelson Mandelas political path started from 1944 when he and 5 comrades organized the African National Congress Youth League. He was appointed league president and in 1952 he was elected as national volunteer-in-chief of the ANCs Defiance Campaign, a civil disobedience campaign against discriminatory legislation. And this was the start of his resistance against apartheid aws. The following years were marked with Mandelas arrestment, banned and imprisoned accompanied with contributions to the freedom struggle. In the year 1959 Mandela and 155 members of the ANC were arrested. Mandela went underground leading his army to bring freedom and peace back to all South Africans. After 17 months he was arrested and sent to Robin Island which is the most notorious prison in South Africa, on a life sentence. Nelson Mandela established teaching community at Robben Island even when he was in prison and he never gave up his struggle. Finally the rest of the world began to see the sheer wrongness. The government was left with no choice but it had to freed Mandela and other people. Nelson then formed the first multi-racial government in South Africa and due to this he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, and became President. After this he changed the country and freed a nation. Between 1960 and 1994 as a president, Mandela organized the Truth and Reconciliation Commission to investigate human rights and to keep an eye on political violations committed by both supporters and opponents of apartheid. He introduced large number of social and economic programs to improve the standard of living of black people of South Africa. In 1996 Mandela presided over the enactment of a new South African constitution, which established a strong central government based on majority rule. Through this it was made possible to prohibit discrimination against minorities, including whites. In the year 1998, it was his 80th birthday and Mandela wed the politician and humanitarian Graca Machel who was the widow of the former president of Mozambique. The next year, Nelson finally retired from politics at the end of his first term as president. Nelson Mandela will be remembered always for his humility, empathy, leadership power and strong efforts towards South African liberation. CULTURE OF SOUTH AFRICA The South Africa culture is known for its ethnic and cultural diversity. Culture in South Africa is about as diverse as it can come. The black South African still has a large number of rural inhabitants who lead largely poor lives. Though cultural traditions survive most strongly among black South African, aspects of traditional culture have declined as the black South African have become increasingly urbanised and westernised. Urban black South Africans, generally, speak English or Afrikaans in addition to their native languages. Some smaller but significant groups of blacks also speak Khoisan languages. Some of them are speakers of the endangered languages most of whom belong to the KhoiSan family, that receive no official status. The life style of members of middle class, who are predominantly white, is very similar in many respects to that of people found in Western Europe, North America and Australasia. Some of them often study and work abroad for a great experience to the world market. Indian South Africans are very particular about their heritage, languages and religious beliefs, being Christian, Hindu or Muslim and speaking English, with Indian languages like Hindi, Telugu, Tamil or Gujarati. South Africa is a multi-cultural society and defining distinct subgroups by skin colour. The mixture and joining in South Africas urban areas, along with the suppression of traditional cultures during the apartheid years which shows that the old ways of life are vanishing but traditional black cultures is still prevailing across the country. Marriage customs and taboos differ across the different groups but the majority of the traditions are based on the beliefs in a mannish divinity, inherited spirits, and paranormal forces. Generally, polygamy (a marriage which includes more than two partners) is accepted and lobolo (dowry) is usually paid. Zulu is one of the strongest surviving black cultures and massed Zulu singing at Inkatha Freedom Party demonstrations is a powerful expression of this ancient culture. The Xhosa also have a strong presence; they are known as the red people because of the red-dyed clothing worn by most adults. The Ndebele are a related group, who live in the north-western corner of what is now Mpumalanga in strikingly painted houses. The distinct culture of the Afrikaners has developed in a deliberate isolation, which saw them wandering around with cows and the Bible while 19th-century Europe experimented with democracy and liberalism. Till today, rural communities are revolving around the conservative Dutch Reformed Churches, however Afrikaner redneck is extremely far from a tautology. Apart from the Afrikaners, most of the European South Africans are of British extraction. The British generally tend to have the dominance over the business and financial sectors. There is also a large and prominent Jewish population and a significant Indian population. Though South Africa is a home to a great diversity of cultures, most were suppressed during the apartheid years when day-to-day practice of traditional and contemporary cultures was ignored, and destroyed. In the society, one can be jailed for owning a politically incorrect painting, serious art was forced underground and blandness ruled in the galleries and theatres. SOCIETY SOCIAL STRATIFICATION Classes and Castes Foundation of Cape Town was done in 1652. There were various indicators of racial unfairness. Slaves were of mixed parentage, they rated high than Africans. Since three centuries the system of racism slowly attained a legal status in society. In that process, class and economic status of darker people confined as lower. Despite of racism these people obtained a formal education and a European-style middle class cultural and economic identity as merchants, farmers, colonial civil servants, clerks, teachers, and clergy also many prominent leaders were born including Nelson Mandela. Symbols of Social Stratification Before colonialism, the aristocratic chiefs symbolized their authority by wearing special animal-skin clothing, ornaments, and the power of military equipments, by functioning of chiefly courts and assemblies and they were also entitled by custom to display, mobilize, and increase their wealth by acquisition of many wives and large herds of cattle. Inkhatha march served as a status symbol, with fine horses, pioneer wagons, and horse-drawn carts giving way to imported luxury automobiles. POLITICAL LIFE Government African communities were based on the hereditary period of rule, in which the senior son of the highest or great wife of a chief succeeded his father. Whereas succession was not straightforward, and brothers, older sons of other wives, and widows all competes for power. A decade later, Afrikaner emigrants from the Cape ( voortrekkers ), established the independent republics of the Orange Free State and the Transvaal, ruled by an elected president and a popular assembly called a volksraad . Leadership and Political Officials Democratically elected president, Nelson Mandela was one of the most admired political figures in the world. There are nine provinces, each with a premier selected by the local ruling party and provincial ministerial executives. Social Problems and Control Legacy problems amount to a social crisis. Unrepresentative government and repressive racial regulations created mistrust of the law among the black majority. Unemployment is rapidly increasing since 1994 which leads to highest crime rates. The education and health care facilities are failing. The established black townships are tapped under unemployment, crime, and insecurity, including drug dealings, alcoholism, rape, domestic violence, and child abuse. Military Activity The South African Defense Force was notorious for its unstable intervention in the civil war in Angola in the mid-1970s. After 1994, the army has renamed by South African National Defense Force (SANDF). It achieved progress toward racial integration under the command of recently promoted black officers drawn from the armed wing of the ANC, Umkhonto we Sizwe, and the military budget experienced reductions that have limits ability of the SANDF to respond military emergencies. Major military venture since 1994 leads of an invasion force to save Lesothos elected government which was poorly planned and executed. Peacekeeping missions were doubted by high rates of HIV infection. SOCIAL WELFARE AND CHANGE PROGRAMS Land restitution and reform, judicial reform, pro-employee labor regulations, welfare grants, free primary schooling, pre-natal and natal medical care, tough penalties for crimes and child abuse, and high taxes and social spending are all part of the ruling partys efforts to address the social crisis. These problems have been difficult to deal with because only 30% of the population contributes to national revenue and because poverty is widespread and deeply rooted. This effort has been made more difficult by restrictions on the level of deficit spending the government can afford without deterring local and foreign investment. An extreme level of social spending, however, has eased social tension and unrest and helped stabilize the democratic transformation. SOCIALIZATION Infant Care Baby care is traditionally the sphere of mothers, grandmothers, and older sisters in all communities. Among the social problems affecting these communities prevalence of early teenage pregnancy. Many white middle-class families have part/full-time servants who assist with child care, including the care of infants. The employment of servants to rear children exposes children to adult caregivers of other cultures and allows unskilled women to support their own absent children. Child Rearing and Education Primary context of family is for the socialization of the young. The African extended family system provides a range of adult caregivers and role models for children within the kinship network. African families have shown elasticity as a socializing agency, but repression and poverty have damaged family structure among the poor. Middle-class families of all races socialize their children in the manner of suburban Europeans. Today a unified system of formal Western schooling includes the entire population, but the damage done by the previous educational structure has been difficult to overcome. Schools in black areas have few resources, and educational privilege still exists in the wealthier formerly white suburbs. Expensive private academies and schools maintained by the relatively wealthy Jewish community are among the countrys best. Rates of functional illiteracy remain high. Higher Education There are more than twenty universities and numerous technical training institutes which are of varying quality and many of them are nominated as black ethnic universities under apartheid have continued to experience political disturbances and financial crises. Now racially mixed universities are also experiencing financial difficulties in the face of a declining pool of qualified entrants as well as slow rate of economic growth. RELIGION Religious Beliefs South Africa is a deeply religious country with high rates of participation in religious life. The population is tremendously Christian with only very small Jewish, Muslim, and Hindu minorities. Other important denominations include Roman Catholics, Methodists, Lutherans, Presbyterians, and Anglicans. Indigenous Black African religion centered on veneration of and guidance from the ancestors, belief in various minor spirits, spiritual modes of healing, and seasonal agricultural rites. The drinking of cereal beer and the ritual slaughter of livestock accompanied the many occasions for family and communal ritual feasting such as births, initiation, marriage, and funerals. Religious Practitioners Indigenous African religious practitioners included herbalists and diviners who attended to the spiritual needs and maladies of both individuals and communities. In some cases their clairvoyant powers were employed by chiefs for advice and prophesy. Historically, Christian missionaries and traditional diviners have been enemies, but this has not prevented the dramatic growth of hybrid Afro-Christian churches, religious movements, prophetism, and spiritual healing alongside mainstream Christianity. Other important religions include Judaism, Islam, and Hinduism. For the Afrikaners, the Dutch Reformed Church has provided a spiritual and organizational foundation for their nationalist cultural politics and ideology. Rituals and Holy Places All religions and ethnic sub national groups have founded shrines to their tradition where momentous events have occurred, their leaders are buried, or miracles are believed to have happened. The grave of Sheikh Omar, for example, a seventeenth-century leader of resistance to Dutch rule in the East Indies who was transported to the Cape and became an early leader of the Malay community, is sacred to Cape Muslims. Afrikaners regard the site of the Battle of Blood River (Ncome) in 1838 as sacred because their leader Andries Pretorius made a covenant with their God promising perpetual devotion if victory over the vastly more numerous Zulu army were achieved. The long intergroup conflict over the land itself has led to the sacralization of many sites that are well remembered and frequently visited by a great many South Africans of all backgrounds. Death and the Afterlife In addition to the beliefs in the soul and afterlife of the varying world religions in South Africa, continued belief in and consultation with family ancestors remains strong among Black Africans. People at a Zulu market Zulu is the largest South African language group, with about nine million speakers, but it does not represent a dominant ethnic grouping. Formal communal graveyards, not a feature of pre-colonial African culture, have since become a focus of ancestral veneration and rootedness in the land. Disused graves and ancestral shrines have most recently figured in the land restitution claims of expropriated African communities lacking formal deeds of title to their former homes. THE SIMILARITIES BETWEEN INDIA AND SOUTH AFRICA India and South Africa share history and festivals which reminds of the heritage. They both are richly diverse countries. The people in India and South Africa are majority of dark skin. Indians and South Africans like spicy food. The Poverty rate of South Africa and India is almost the same. Animal life also similar in both the countries, where elephant and monkey are the two most common animas among India and South Africa. Jungles are also there in both the countries with the similar landscape. Indian weather and South African weather is hot. Both Indians and Africans were slave by the outsiders. India and South Africa both are rich by their culture. Both India and South Africa are still developing. India and South Africa has geniuses who know every thing in their field. India has a national holiday on 2nd October for celebrating the great mans birthday is also a significant day in South Africa. Both India and South Africa are seen as the backward places by some of the countries.

Work And Play :: essays research papers

In society, there are usually two main groups when associated with their mentality towards work. But is there a distinction between work, play, and creative expressions? Art is anything that requires creation or imagination. An artist, a writer, or a pianist probably enjoys what they do for a living because they have that talent to make that happen for them in their career. You can say that an artist will never retire because they have that passion and dedication to draw even when they get old. Sad to say, most people who do retire probably never liked their job or what they did for a living. Otherwise, why retire to something you love so dearly?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Living to Work†, by Dorothy L. Sayers examines two classifications of people and their work. One group looks to work as a dreaded necessity, while the other group looks at their work as an opportunity for enjoyment and self-fulfillment. Altogether, their values, interests, and hard work all come down to money. For many, a â€Å"successful† worker is one who makes the most income and achieves the most fame. When it comes to interviews, the main questions are wages and hours. These people often fail to consider if the work is their actual passion--to do something they love. Partial blame goes out to our capitalist system and industrial machinery. We forget why we wake up each morning lose focus of what work really should be. But overall, the fact is that we must arrange our ideas where everybody has an opportunity to work hard and find happiness in doing well the work that needs to be done. I believe working in factories is the most difficult job to have because the machines practically take over. Most workers have the same routine over and over again. No wonder these workers hate going to work. For those who see it as a career, they have to face the job for almost their whole life; gradually, their indifference eats up the enthusiasm, giving them nothing to look forward to each morning. No wonder people die to retire early. Since our economy is now based on industrial machinery, majority of the workers either work at factories or industries. It leaves us with no imagination and by the end of the day, we become exhausted by lifting, moving, rearranging, or whatever factory work entails. There is absolutely no form of creative expression or art anywhere.